ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026
Socioeconomic Position in Early Life and Childhood Cardiovascular Health Measures: An International Cross-Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease is socioeconomically patterned, and risk accrues from early life. Evidence in younger populations is scarce. We investigated the extent to which early life socioeconomic position is associated with cardiovascular health in children and adolescents, and the extent of mediation by body mass index.
methodsWe analyzed 5 longitudinal birth cohorts: BIS (the Barwon Infant Study; Australia; mean age 4.1 years; n=708); BiB (Born in Bradford; United Kingdom; mean age 9.3 years; n=4576); LSAC-CP (the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children's Child Health CheckPoint; Australia; mean age 12.0 years; n=1874); NFBC1986 (the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986; Finland; mean age 16.0 years; n=9467); and ALSPAC (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; United Kingdom; mean age 17.8 years; n=4875). Exposures were neighborhood disadvantage, household socioeconomic position, and maternal education (in pregnancy/at birth). Outcomes were carotid intima-media thickness, pulse-wave velocity, blood pressure, and lipids (in childhood/adolescence).
resultsFrom age 12 years, children with lower socioeconomic position had worse cardiovascular health, adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. For example, LSAC-CP 12-year-olds in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher pulse-wave velocity (β=0.1 m/s [95% CI, 0.03-0.2 m/s];
conclusionsAssociations between lower socioeconomic position and worse cardiovascular health are apparent from midchildhood. Prevention efforts should address intermediate mechanisms and upstream neighborhood, household, and maternal factors.
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