ArticleGut microbes2026
Latent tuberculosis infection shapes gut microbiome and immune-metabolic interactions in people living with HIV.
Article in Gut microbes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The silent presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases the annual risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation by 3%-16%. Although gut dysbiosis is well documented in HIV, microbiome alterations associated with LTBI in PLHIV remain poorly characterized. Using integrated cross-sectional and exploratory longitudinal analyses, we investigated the gut microbiome composition, predicted function, and immune-metabolic interactions in ART-naive individuals categorized as HIV-LTBI-, HIV-LTBI+, HIV+LTBI-, HIV+LTBI+, and HIV+TB+. Against the dysbiotic background associated with HIV, LTBI was associated with a distinct gut microbial and immune-metabolic profile. Compared with HIV+LTBI-, HIV+LTBI+ individuals exhibited alpha diversity comparable to the HIV-negative groups while forming a distinct microbial community, characterized by a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio, depletion of butyrate-producing Firmicutes, enrichment of ASVs assigned to
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