ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Coordinated dynamics of circulating neutrophils, regulatory T lymphocytes, myeloid derived suppressor cells and distinct granulocytic subsets reveal a complex immune network in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Circulating immune cells serve as readily accessible biomarkers in cancer patients. Some of them, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes as well as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), have been validated as prognostic indicators of disease outcome whereas the significance of others remains controversial due to conflicting findings. Moreover, the interplay and correlation among these markers have not been thoroughly investigated nor has their dynamic course during chemotherapy. Methods: Blood was collected from 16 healthy donors and 90 patients receiving first line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer before, during and after chemotherapy. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, circulating CD4 Results: Circulating Tregs were significantly reduced in patients with high neutrophil counts (7% vs 17%, p=0.04), increased significantly during treatment in responders, particularly in patients achieving complete or partial response (+16%, Discussion: Circulating immune cell subsets in metastatic colorectal cancer exhibit considerable baseline heterogeneity and distinct immune kinetics during chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrate that conventional leukocyte populations, when evaluated individually, together with detailed immunophenotyping provide complementary prognostic information, revealing previously unappreciated heterogeneity within major immune cell populations and a network of novel interrelationships among circulating immune cells. Together, these observations support comprehensive immune profiling as a promising approach for future biomarker development and immune-based patient stratification.
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