ArticleJournal of pain research2026
Electroacupuncture Improves Nitroglycerin-Induced Generalized Hypersensitivity Associated with a Migraine-Like State and Downregulates the CXCL13/CXCR5 Axis in the Trigeminal Ganglion.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates generalized hypersensitivity associated with a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine-like state in rats and to identify EA-associated molecular changes in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), focusing on the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, model, EA, and sham EA groups (n = 8/group). Except for the control group, rats received NTG (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. EA was applied daily at GB20 and GB34, while sham EA was applied at non-acupoints. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency were assessed at baseline and 2 h after each injection. Plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was measured by ELISA. TG RNA sequencing was performed in the control, model, and EA groups (n = 3/group), followed by GO/KEGG analysis, qPCR, and immunofluorescence validation. Results: EA significantly increased mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency in NTG-treated rats. On day 9, both measures were higher in the EA group than in the model group (both adjusted P < 0.0001), whereas sham EA produced no significant improvement. Plasma CGRP was lower in the EA group than in the model group (adjusted P = 0.0155). Exploratory RNA sequencing identified inflammation-, immune-, and chemokine-related TG changes. qPCR showed lower Cxcl13 and Cxcr5 expression in the EA group than in the model group (adjusted P = 0.0242 and 0.0009, respectively). Immunofluorescence showed consistent reductions in CXCL13 and CXCR5 mean fluorescence intensity (adjusted P = 0.0115 and 0.0020, respectively). Conclusion: EA attenuated NTG-induced generalized hypersensitivity and reduced plasma CGRP levels, accompanied by decreased CXCL13/CXCR5 expression in the TG. Whether TG CXCL13/CXCR5 downregulation contributes causally to these effects remains to be determined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.