ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Sex differences in depressive symptoms, psychological distress and workplace discrimination among workers in Chilean large-scale mining: implications for human-centered ergonomics and sustainable work.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: To examine sex-related differences in depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and perceived workplace discrimination among workers in a large-scale mining company in Chile, considering these outcomes as indicators of occupational wellbeing and sustainable work from a human-centered and organizational ergonomics perspective. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2024, including both direct employees and contractor workers from a large-scale mining company. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic and occupational variables, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), and a discrimination questionnaire developed by the authors. Overall and sex-specific prevalence estimates were calculated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: Among the 712 participants, 79.9% were men and 20.1% were women. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10) was 8.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence among women (14.5%) than men (6.8%) (adjusted PR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.01-3.25). Psychological distress (K6 ≥7) was reported by 15.2% of workers and was more prevalent among women (21.2%) than men (13.8%) (adjusted PR = 1.30; 95% (0.85-1.97). Perceived workplace discrimination was reported by 13.6% of participants and was also more common among women (18.5%) than men (12.4%) (adjusted PR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.04-2.68). Conclusions: This study identified a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and perceived workplace discrimination among women compared with men working in the large-scale mining sector. However, only the differences in depressive symptoms and perceived workplace discrimination remained statistically significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and occupational factors.
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