ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Contrasting outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in two patients with membranous nephropathy receiving immunosuppressive therapy: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) often presents with an atypical and fulminant course in immunocompromised hosts, and treatment faces multiple challenges including drug toxicity, immunosuppressive status, and complications. Case presentation: Here we report two cases of VL in patients with membranous nephropathy(MN) who developed the infection after long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Both patients presented with fever, pancytopenia, and markedly elevated inflammatory markers. Case 1 had relapsed VL complicated by pre-existing renal insufficiency, experienced disease relapse after anti-parasitic treatment, and ultimately died of multi-organ failure. Case 2 developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) but achieved clinical reversal after the addition of glucocorticoids to anti-parasitic therapy. Both patients received standard treatment with amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD). However, Case 1 with pre-existing renal insufficiency eventually died, whereas Case 2 with a milder degree of immunosuppression was successfully cured. Conclusion: These cases suggest that when patients with MN develop VL after long-term immunosuppressive therapy, treatment faces multiple challenges including renal insufficiency, depth of immunosuppression, and secondary HLH, necessitating individualized and comprehensive management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.