ArticlePhysiological reports2026
Plasma proenkephalin-a facilitates measurement of human kidney functional reserve: From healthy kidney donors to polymorbid patients.
Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reduced kidney functional reserve, KFR, predicts poor outcomes in kidney diseases. We compared plasma proenkephalin-A, plasma cystatin C, and creatinine clearance for kidney functional reserve measurement. KFR was measured preoperatively in 40 patients undergoing cardiac surgery and 22 healthy participants, including 14 kidney donors. Plasma proenkephalin-A, cystatin C, and creatinine levels were compared before and after a protein meal for KFR calculation. Baseline creatinine clearance correlated poorly with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate measured by any method. Cystatin C and proenkephalin-A nadir after protein occurred earlier. The proenkephalin-A-based KFR had a greater dynamic range than cystatin C- and creatinine clearance-based KFR (median [IQR] fractional KFR: proenkephalin-A 44.2% [35.5; 58.0]; cystatin C 10.5% [4.4; 16.2]; creatinine clearance 30.0% [8.4; 68.9], p < 0.0001). Measurements were more homogeneous with cystatin C- and proenkephalin-A-estimated glomerular filtration rate than creatinine clearance (higher intraclass correlation: 0.98 for cystatin C; 0.86 for proenkephalin-A, and 0.63 for creatinine clearance). The median [IQR] absolute proenkephalin-A- and cystatin C-based KFR were higher in healthy participants (proenkephalin-A-KFR: 33.8 [26.6; 59.0], cystatin C-KFR: 11.6 [6.6; 15.1] mL/min/1.73m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.