Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42655721›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Deep Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus Reveals Clinically Relevant Low-Frequency Variants Among People Living with HIV in Botswana.

Tsholofelo Sethibe, Wonderful Tatenda Choga, Florence G Gaongalelwe, Bonolo B Phinius, Gorata G A Mpebe, Kabo Baruti, Chanana Dorcus Tsayang, Goabaone Mbae, Basetsana Katlo S Phakedi, Patience Motshosi and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Tsholofelo SethibeBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0006-9815-9088
Wonderful Tatenda ChogaBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0001-7606-0569
Florence G GaongalelweBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.
Bonolo B PhiniusBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0002-0180-2705
Gorata G A MpebeBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0004-1153-2480
Kabo BarutiBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0002-1592-7533
Chanana Dorcus TsayangBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0009-4069-7176
Goabaone MbaeBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0001-6450-3630
Basetsana Katlo S PhakediBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.
Patience MotshosiBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.
Linda Mpofu-DoboBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0000-8833-1805
Mosimanegape JongmanBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.
Sikhulile MoyoBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0003-3821-4592
Motswedi AndersonBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0001-9974-9684
Simani GaseitsiweBotswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone Private Bag BO320, Botswana.

Funding

Training in HIV Genomics, Treatment, and Cure Research in BotswanaD43TW009610 · FIC · THE BOTSWANA HARVARD HEALTH PARTNERSHIP · PI SHAHIN LOCKMAN, Joseph Moeketsi Makhema · 2013 to 2026
$4.4M
Viral Diversity an Innovative Biomarker for Refining Estimates of HIV IncidenceK43TW012350 · FIC · THE BOTSWANA HARVARD HEALTH PARTNERSHIP · PI Sikhulile Moyo · 2022 to 2026
$682k
Developing Botswana Laboratory Capacity in HIV Genomics and HIV CureG11TW012503 · FIC · THE BOTSWANA HARVARD HEALTH PARTNERSHIP · PI GASEITSIWE, SIMANI · 2023 to 2025
$297k
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-033558Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-033558FIC NIH HHS D43 TW009610FIC NIH HHS G11 TW012503FIC NIH HHS K43 TW012350Fogarty International Center at the US National Institutes of Health D43 TW009610Gilead Sciences (United States) 19275NIH HHS 1G11TW012503-01Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE) Del-22-007Trials of Excellence in Southern Africa (TESAIII) CSA2020NoE-3104 TESAIIIWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

(1) Background: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterized by extensive genetic diversity, including low-frequency variants that contribute to disease progression. We aimed to characterize low-frequency variants and evaluate their potential clinical impact. (2) Methods: We utilized 104 HBV near-full-length sequences generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from people living with HIV (PLHIV). We used an in-house bioinformatics suite (HBVgenomeR v5.9.7) to filter for low-frequency variants (5-50%), which were compared to escape and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated mutations reported at the consensus level. Unclassified variants were characterized by HBV open reading frames (ORFs) to determine mutation frequency per genomic region. (3) Results: A total of six escape mutations were detected in 8/104 (7.7%) sequences, with

Indexed as

Genetic VariationHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHIV InfectionsAdultBotswanaCarcinoma, HepatocellularDNA, ViralDrug Resistance, ViralFemaleGenome, ViralGenotypeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansLiver NeoplasmsMaleDNA, Viraldeep sequencingdiversityhepatitis B virusminority variants

Identifiers

PMID42655721
PMCPMC13517587

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.