ArticleViruses2026
Long-Term Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kazakhstan: An Integrated Epidemiological and Entomological Analysis.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) remains a major tick-borne zoonotic infection and a persistent public health challenge in Central Asia. Kazakhstan is among the endemic countries, where natural foci of CCHF are concentrated predominantly in the southern regions. This study evaluated the long-term epidemiological trends, regional distribution, seasonality, and risk factors associated with CCHF in Kazakhstan. A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from 1980 to 2023 was conducted, complemented by detailed epidemiological and entomological investigations in the Turkestan region and the city of Shymkent during 2011-2023. Laboratory-confirmed cases, tick bite-related healthcare visits, entomological surveillance data, demographic characteristics, and epidemiological risk factors were analyzed. The results demonstrated cyclic fluctuations in CCHF incidence, with epidemic peaks occurring every 4-6 years and pronounced spring-summer seasonality, with the highest incidence observed in June and July. Long-term average annual incidence in endemic southern regions exceeded the national average by 2.67-fold. A total of 50,671 tick bite-related healthcare visits were registered during 2011-2023, while their incidence declined over time. Analysis of 94 laboratory-confirmed cases identified adults aged 18-40 years as the most affected group. Tick bites and livestock-related activities were the principal risk factors. These findings support the strengthening of integrated surveillance, vector control, laboratory diagnostics, and One Health-based prevention strategies in endemic regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.