Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42655506›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

A Blockchain-Enabled Security Framework for Cloud-Based Sensor Systems with Deep Learning-Driven Attack Classification.

Naveed Ahmad, Yue Cao, William Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Naveed AhmadCollege of Computer & Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2941-9780
Yue CaoSchool of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2098-7637
William LiuSchool of Computing, Electrical and Applied Technologies, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-1852-7703

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cloud-integrated sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) systems enable scalable data storage, processing, and intelligent monitoring, but their distributed nature exposes network-flow and host-level data to unauthorized access, tampering, and cyberattacks. This study proposes a Weighted Symmetric Hashed Blockchain (WSHB) framework that integrates mutual-information-based feature weighting, deep-learning-based attack classification, AES-256-GCM authenticated encryption, cryptographic hashing, and permissioned-ledger logging. The framework was evaluated independently using HIKARI-2021 for network-based intrusion detection and ADFA-LD for host-based intrusion detection. A transparent comparative evaluation was conducted against LSTM and CNN-RNN baselines using identical data splits, preprocessing settings, input representations, hyperparameter-search budget, and repeated initialization seeds. The proposed WSHB-DNN classifier achieved macro-F1 scores of 0.6837 on HIKARI-2021 and 0.7914 on ADFA-LD, showing the strongest overall classification performance among the evaluated models. The cryptographic and permissioned-ledger components provide confidentiality protection, record-level authentication, integrity verification, and tamper-evident logging for confirmed attack-event records. These results demonstrate the potential of WSHB as a reproducible framework for attack classification and secure event logging in cloud-integrated sensor environments.

Indexed as

blockchaincloud computingcyber securitydeep learninghashingsymmetric cryptographyweighted

Identifiers

PMID42655506
PMCPMC13517308

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.