ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Early Hidden-Crack Detection in Circular Magnetic Encoder Rings Through FM-AM Signal Decoupling.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Early hidden cracks in magnetic encoder rings induce only slight magnetic perturbations at the incipient stage, yet they may evolve into missing-pole, demagnetization, or severe waveform-distortion faults that degrade angular-displacement measurement and closed-loop control. This study establishes a physical mapping between crack-induced magnetization nonuniformity, pole-pitch deviation, and the amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated components of the measured magnetic signal. A precision-controlled experimental platform equipped with a self-developed tunnel magnetoresistance read head, a precision rotary stage, multi-axis positioning stages, and laser displacement sensing was built to measure the spatial magnetic field during shaft rotation. Fast Fourier transform-based band-pass filtering, Hilbert transform-based demodulation, and sixth-order Butterworth low-pass filtering were used to extract the instantaneous amplitude Ai and instantaneous angular frequency ωi; coefficient-of-variation analysis was then used to construct the diagnostic indicators. Experiments on intact, hidden-crack, and visible-crack states show that the CV of Ai and the CV of ωi sensitively capture weak crack-related fluctuations and increase monotonically with damage severity. The method does not require a high-accuracy external reference and shows promise for online monitoring of magnetic encoder rings and related electromagnetic sensing elements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.