Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42655216›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

TLC-Embedded PDMS-Based Wearable Skin Patch for Vein Visualization Applications.

Mayesha Binte Mahmud, Yalda Chehrehsaz, Rafaela Aguiar, Anthony V Tuccitto, Lei Zhang, Vivian Luu, Isabella Terefenko, Katherine Jia, Xia Wei Shen, Christopher T Chan and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mayesha Binte MahmudMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0009-0002-0713-3386
Yalda ChehrehsazMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1060-3978
Rafaela AguiarMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Anthony V TuccittoMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5771-1629
Lei ZhangMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Vivian LuuMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Isabella TerefenkoMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Katherine JiaMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0009-0000-6868-1963
Xia Wei ShenMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Christopher T ChanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8N Room 846, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0947-7273
Patrick C LeeMultifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.

Funding

Mitacs IT46469University Health Network IT46469
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A flexible skin patch based on thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer is presented for passive visualization of skin-vein thermal contrasts. Five ternary TLC formulations composed of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC), cholesteryl nonanoate (CN), and cholesteryl benzoate (CB) were systematically engineered to tune mesophase stability and helical pitch sensitivity within the physiological temperature range (32-37 °C). Small compositional adjustments (≤1 wt.%) produced pronounced and predictable shifts in color-play bandwidth and optical sensitivity, governed by thermally induced contraction of the cholesteric helix. Patterned TLC microdomains were integrated onto optically absorptive PDMS substrates and encapsulated within a transparent PDMS overlayer, yielding thin, mechanically compliant, and breathable films with uniform thermal transmission. Optical spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and RGB analysis revealed linear wavelength-temperature relationships (R

Indexed as

arteriovenous fistula monitoringPDMS elastomertemperature-responsive materialsthermochromic liquid crystalsvein visualizationwearable skin patch

Identifiers

PMID42655216
PMCPMC13516250

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.