ArticleMicroorganisms2026
PGPR-Treated Spent Mushroom Substrate Enhances Lignocellulose Degradation, Enzyme Activities, and Microbial Restructuring to Sustain Blueberry Rhizosphere Fertility.
Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a major agricultural byproduct whose complex lignocellulosic matrix hinders direct reuse and poses environmental risks when stockpiled. This study evaluated whether pretreatment with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could enhance SMS as a soil amendment for blueberry cultivation. Two PGPR-treated SMS formulations, along with raw SMS and a blank control, were applied to blueberry seedlings in a 10-month greenhouse experiment. Plant height, rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, lignocellulose fractions, and the microbial communities were monitored over three growth phases and four sampling points. PGPR-treated SMS significantly increased blueberry height gain during the fast-growing phase (June-September) and sustained elevated levels of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium throughout the experiment. Activities of cellulase, xylanase, laccase, peroxidase, protease, and lipase were markedly enhanced, accompanied by reduced lignin and cellulose contents and persistently high glucose availability. The amendments reshaped bacterial and fungal communities, enriching
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