Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42654808›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Impact of E-Liquids on Phagocytosis, Escape and Invasion of

Maya Tabakha, Raivat Shah, Sophie Tomov, Juliette R Amram, Dominic Palazzolo, Giancarlo A Cuadra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maya TabakhaDepartment of Biology, Muhlenberg College, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-0128-9597
Raivat ShahMedical School, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-8481-3224
Sophie TomovDepartment of Biology, Muhlenberg College, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-8539-989X
Juliette R AmramDepartment of Biology, Muhlenberg College, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.
Dominic PalazzoloDeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7976-5126
Giancarlo A CuadraDepartment of Biology, Muhlenberg College, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study seeks to understand the effects of electronic cigarettes on the oral microenvironment. Macrophages are paramount in the oral innate immune response against pathogens.

Indexed as

MacrophagesPhagocytosisPorphyromonas gingivalisCell LineEpithelial CellsHumansImmune EvasionE. coliflavored e-liquidsM1 macrophagesmicrobial escapemicrobial invasionoral epithelial cellsperiodontitisP. gingivalisphagocytosispseudopodia

Identifiers

PMID42654808
PMCPMC13516172

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.