ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Patient-Level Discordance Between SCORE2 Cardiovascular Risk and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint-Expression Profiles in People Living with HIV: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundConventional cardiovascular risk scores do not directly characterize immune checkpoint-expression phenotypes in people with HIV. We examined patient-level alignment between SCORE2 and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint expression in a secondary analysis of a previously characterized parent cohort.
methodsData from 100 PWH followed at a single HIV center were analyzed. SCORE2, lipid parameters, systolic blood pressure, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and flow-cytometric PD-1/PD-L1 expression on T-cell, B-cell, and NK-cell subsets were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Composite immune-exhaustion indices were derived from standardized checkpoint-marker values. Discordance profiles were defined using quartile thresholds for endpoint SCORE2 and immune exhaustion.
resultsSmokers had higher endpoint SCORE2 than nonsmokers (median 3.5% vs. 1.0%;
conclusionsSCORE2 and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint-expression profiles showed limited contemporaneous alignment in this cohort. The identified discordant profiles are exploratory and require external validation.
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