ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Tension-Temperature Synergy in Tailoring Surface Polarity and Interfacial Properties of High-Modulus PAN-Based Carbon Fibers.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
High-temperature graphitization inevitably compromises the surface polarity and resin wettability of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based high-modulus carbon fibers (HMCFs), creating a long-standing trade-off between fiber modulus and interfacial adhesion that restricts its applications. Here we report a tension-temperature synergy to overcome this limitation. HMCFs were fabricated at 1700-2100 K under axial tensions of 0-70 N, and the resulting microstructures and surface activity were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle testing, and microdroplet debond measurements. Temperature dominates crystallite coarsening and surface-active carbon (Sac) concentration, whereas tension enhances axial lamellar orientation without inducing appreciable grain growth. At constant temperature, two competing effects, both slight crystallite growth and radial lamella rearrangement, keep Sac stable under varying tension. Fibers processed at 1900 K with 60 N tension achieve a modulus of ~350 GPa, equivalent to that of the 2100 K/10 N sample, while delivering a 13.5% higher Sac, elevated surface energy (26.3 mN·m
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