Metal-Organic Frameworks, Covalent Organic Frameworks, and Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks for Aqueous PFAS Adsorption: Synthesis, Structural Engineering, and Remediation Performance.

Liu-Feng Yu, Min-Min Tang, Jie Zou, Wei Gao, Yi Zhang, Hong-Zhen Lian

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liu-Feng YuKey Laboratory of Food Contact Materials Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China.

Min-Min TangKey Laboratory of Food Contact Materials Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China.

Jie ZouKey Laboratory of Food Contact Materials Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China.

Wei GaoKey Laboratory of Food Contact Materials Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China.

Yi ZhangState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2500-680X

Hong-Zhen LianState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1942-9248

Funding

the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Food Contact Materials Safety State Administration for Market Regulation WJ202510R01

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a critical class of persistent environmental pollutants that challenge conventional remediation technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and the emerging metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) have attracted growing interest as tunable porous platforms for removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. This review critically summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, structural characterization, and adsorptive performance of these three framework families. We examine key factors affecting adsorption, including solution chemistry and PFAS chain length, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms-hydrophobic/fluorophilic interactions, electrostatics, anion exchange, and coordination-through combined experimental and computational evidence. A comparative assessment evaluates adsorption capacities, kinetics, stability, and regenerability, identifying the distinctive advantages of each material class. Practical applications in fixed-bed columns and magnetic composites are also discussed. Finally, we highlight persistent challenges, particularly in the removal of ultrashort-chain PFAS, and outline future directions involving machine learning, defect engineering, and dual-functional adsorptive-catalytic platforms to guide rational adsorbent design.

Indexed as

adsorptive removalcovalent organic frameworksmetal–covalent organic frameworksmetal–organic frameworksper- and polyfluoroalkyl substanceswater remediation

Identifiers

PMID42654624

DOI10.3390/ma19163470

PMCPMC13514648

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.