Nutrient Removal by Halloysite-Amended Mineral Matrices and Heavy Metal Retention in Rain Gardens Under Dynamic Hydraulic Flow Conditions.

Agnieszka Grela, Justyna Pamuła, Karolina Łach, Maciej Thomas, Damian Grela

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Agnieszka GrelaFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4777-8285

Justyna PamułaFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7129-9562

Karolina ŁachFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0818-5498

Maciej ThomasFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7348-1253

Damian GrelaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7853-5214

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rain gardens are widely used for stormwater treatment; however, the performance of alternative sorbent materials under varying rainfall conditions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the removal of nutrients and heavy metals was evaluated in laboratory-scale rain gardens amended with halloysite of two grain size fractions (1-2 mm and 2-4 mm) under rainfall events lasting 30 and 120 min. Three column systems were tested: a reference column containing dolomite, sand, and gravel (C1), and two halloysite-amended columns (C2 and C3). Synthetic stormwater containing N-NH

Indexed as

copperdissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)halloysiteleadrain gardensoluble reactive phosphorus (SRP)zinc

Identifiers

PMID42654620

DOI10.3390/ma19163466

PMCPMC13514831

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.