ArticleNutrients2026
Preconception Partner-Specific Vitamin D Biomarkers and Risk of Preeclampsia Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment: A Secondary Cohort Analysis of FAZST.
Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesMaternal vitamin D deficiency has been associated with preeclampsia, but evidence regarding preconception partner-specific vitamin D biomarkers is limited. We evaluated associations between preconception maternal and paternal vitamin D biomarkers and the odds of preeclampsia.
methodsThis secondary prospective cohort analysis used data from the Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation Trial (FAZST), a multicenter study conducted in the United States between 2013 and 2017. Of the 2370 enrolled couples who were seeking infertility treatment, 1054 couples achieved a documented pregnancy. Because preeclampsia can only be ascertained among pregnancies progressing beyond 20 weeks of gestation, the primary analytic population was restricted to 826 pregnancies that reached ≥20 weeks, including 98 with preeclampsia and 728 without preeclampsia. Preconception serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin D-binding globulin (VDBG), albumin, free 25(OH)D, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were assessed in both partners. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsIn categorical analyses, maternal total 25(OH)D findings were consistent with a possible U-shaped pattern. Compared with concentrations of 30-< 50 ng/mL, concentrations ≤20 ng/mL were associated with higher odds of preeclampsia (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.13-5.88), as were concentrations ≥50 ng/mL (aOR = 5.45, 95% CI: 1.71-17.41). Similar categorical patterns were observed for maternal free 25(OH)D, with higher odds at concentrations ≤8.25 pg/mL (aOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.13-4.43) and ≥12.5 pg/mL (aOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.97-11.29), and for maternal bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations ≤3.5 ng/mL (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.19-5.72) and ≥5.0 ng/mL (aOR = 5.38, 95% CI: 2.15-13.46). Lower paternal bioavailable 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of preeclampsia in the fully adjusted model (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.89); however, this finding should be considered exploratory.
conclusionsAmong pregnancies progressing to ≥20 weeks, lower and higher categories of maternal total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were associated with the odds of preeclampsia relative to intermediate categories. These categorical findings are consistent with a possible U-shaped pattern but do not establish a nonlinear dose-response relationship. Paternal findings were limited and should be considered exploratory.
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