ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Combinatorial Treatment with Chlorogenic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde Disrupts Intracellular pH and Metabolic Transport in Breast Cancer Cells.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Breast cancer cells exhibit a reversed pH gradient and metabolic plasticity that promote proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy. Natural products such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) have shown emerging anticancer potential. However, their effects on intracellular pH and metabolic transport systems remain undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize these parameters in breast cancer and non-tumorigenic breast cells. This study evaluated the physiochemical properties of CGA and CA using LC-MS, under pH conditions (pH 1.2, 7.4, and 9.0) mimicking the gastrointestinal track (GIT). Additionally, LC-MS-based human liver microsome (HLM) assays with NADPH were used to evaluate susceptibility to CYP-mediated metabolism to evaluate first-pass metabolic stability. Intracellular uptake kinetics were quantified at multiple time points using LC-MS. Following CGA:CA treatment, intracellular pH (pH
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