ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Antidepressant-like Effects of
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTraditional antidepressants are associated with undesirable side effects, limited efficacy, and delayed therapeutic responses. Natural products have emerged as a potential alternative to these drugs. This research aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity and possible mechanism of
methodsMolecular docking and in vitro studies were performed to assess the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of OS leaves against the monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) enzyme. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of the 95% ethanol extract in reserpine-treated rats, followed by histopathological examination and measurement of hippocampal serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
resultsThe main active compounds, particularly rosmarinic acid and eupatorin, exhibited favorable binding affinities to the MAO-A active site. The 95% and 50% ethanol extracts of OS showed dose-dependent MAO-A inhibitory activity with ICs50 of 88.67 and 103.2 µg/mL, respectively. The 95% ethanol extract of OS leaves showed a significant reduction in immobility time, restored locomotor activity, and preserved hippocampal morphology. Notably, the higher dose of OS extract (150 mg/kg) significantly enhanced hippocampal expression of 5-HT and NE, with a moderate upregulation of BDNF.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that the 95% ethanol extract of OS leaves exhibits promising antidepressant-like effects, which may be mediated through monoamine modulation and BDNF expression and partially through MAO-A enzyme inhibition.
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