Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42653831›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Preparation and Characterization of Propolis-Biopolymer Coatings on Textiles for Topical Applications: Chemical Composition, Bioactivity, and Cytotoxicity Assessment.

Iva Rezić Meštrović, Darinka Cvetković, Antonio Zandona, Maja Katalinić, Ernest Meštrović, Maja Somogyi Škoc

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Iva Rezić MeštrovićDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-1531-776X
Darinka CvetkovićDepartment of Materials Testing, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Antonio ZandonaDivision of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-3937-3520
Maja KatalinićDivision of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-7043-4291
Ernest MeštrovićDepartment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-1603-0856
Maja Somogyi ŠkocDepartment of Materials Testing, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-8026-8952

Funding

Croatian Science Foundation IP-2024-05-4339
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional coatings based on natural bioactive compounds have attracted increasing interest in topical and biomedical applications. In this study, textile substrates were coated with formulations containing propolis and selected biopolymers to create biocompatible surfaces with enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. The coating preparation process was optimized to achieve uniform deposition and stable incorporation of bioactive constituents. The chemical composition and interactions between propolis, biopolymers, and textile fibers were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while surface morphology and coating distribution were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence and stability of key phenolic compounds in propolis were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optical properties and UV-shielding performance of the coated textiles were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The coffee-ring effect was investigated during coating formulation, as this phenomenon significantly reveals coating homogeneity, surface microstructure, and the spatial distribution of active compounds. The influence of formulation parameters on deposit morphology and coating quality was systematically assessed. The biocompatibility of the developed coatings was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity testing, demonstrating their suitability for direct skin contact. The combined analytical results confirmed successful incorporation of propolis into the biopolymer matrix, indicating that propolis-biopolymer coatings represent a promising approach for the fabrication of functional textiles intended for topical applications, including wound care, skin protection, and antimicrobial textile products.

Indexed as

Coated Materials, BiocompatiblePropolisTextilesAnimalsBiopolymersCell SurvivalHumansSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredSurface PropertiesBiopolymersCoated Materials, BiocompatiblePropolisbioactivitycoatingscoffee-ringcytotoxicityFTIRhoney-bee productsinstrumental characterizationpropolisSEMUV-VIS

Identifiers

PMID42653831
PMCPMC13515897

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.