ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Human Antibody Isotypes, Subclasses, Allotypes and Fc Biology: Clinical Implications in Infectious Diseases, Autoimmunity, and Cancer.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have transformed the management of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, yet most approved agents continue to rely on a limited range of IgG-based Fc scaffolds. Consequently, the broader therapeutic potential of antibody isotypes, subclasses, allotypes, and host Fc receptor (FcR) genetics remains incompletely integrated into antibody design and clinical development. Emerging evidence indicates that these determinants profoundly influence effector function, pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, immunogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive, translational perspective on how antibody isotype selection, IgG subclass biology, allotypic variation, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) genetics, and Fc engineering collectively shape therapeutic outcomes. Distinct from previous reviews that examine these factors individually, we integrate their roles across infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer to identify common principles governing Fc-dependent immunity and therapeutic response. We further describe the clinical implications of Fc-mediated mechanisms, Fc glycoengineering, FcRn-targeted therapies, systems serology, and emerging non-IgG antibody platforms, highlighting both established applications and unresolved challenges. By unifying structural immunology, Fc pharmacology, host genetics, and disease biology, this review advances the concept of precision Fc pharmacology, in which antibody scaffold selection and Fc optimization are tailored to specific disease contexts and patient immune profiles. This framework provides a roadmap for the rational development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy, safety, and clinical precision.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.