Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42653727›Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Integrating Precision Nutrition with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Outcomes, and Pharmacoeconomic Implications.

Stefano Ruga, Elisa Matarese, Roberto Bava, Carmen Lombardi, Tiziana Dimatteo, Leonardo Miscio, Massimo Raponi, Antonio Giordano, Clementina Sansone, Giovanna Liguori and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Stefano RugaDepartment of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-0401-4027
Elisa MatareseVita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Roberto BavaDepartment of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4173-8584
Carmen LombardiDegree Programme in Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Tiziana DimatteoLocal Health Authority of Foggia (ASL Foggia), 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Leonardo MiscioLocal Health Authority of Foggia (ASL Foggia), 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Massimo RaponiLocal Health Authority of Foggia (ASL Foggia), 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Antonio GiordanoSbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5959-016X
Clementina SansoneAnton Dohrn Zoological Station, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3007-8154
Giovanna LiguoriLocal Health Authority of Foggia (ASL Foggia), 71121 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3031-345X
Renato LombardiLocal Health Authority of Foggia (ASL Foggia), 71121 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-7759-2141

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of precision nutrition with pharmacological therapies has been proposed as a strategy to optimize therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and patient-centered outcomes in chronic metabolic diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have substantially advanced the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting substantial weight loss and improving glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, significant interindividual variability in therapeutic response, frequent gastrointestinal adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation, and the potential loss of lean body mass remain major clinical challenges that limit real-world therapeutic efficiency. Emerging evidence suggests that nutritional status, dietary patterns, body composition, inflammatory burden, and gut microbiota composition may influence both the efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1-based therapies. This review explores the role of precision nutrition as an adjunctive strategy to support GLP-1 RA treatment outcomes through personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutritional support. Particular attention is given to protein intake optimization for lean mass preservation, micronutrient adequacy, microbiota modulation, anti-inflammatory dietary approaches, and the management of gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, the review explores the emerging contribution of nutrigenomics, metabolomics, microbiome-based stratification, digital health technologies, and artificial intelligence in advancing pharmacometabolic personalization. The potential pharmacoeconomic implications of integrated nutritional-pharmacological strategies are discussed, including the potential for improved adherence to reduce treatment-related costs, prevent complications, and enhance long-term metabolic sustainability. While current evidence supports the mechanistic rationale for combining precision nutrition with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, it must be emphasized that direct evidence from prospective clinical trials evaluating such integrated strategies is limited. Most recommendations are based on indirect evidence from general weight-loss or metabolic disease populations, and their efficacy, specifically in GLP-1 RA-treated patients, remains to be demonstrated.

Indexed as

body compositioncost-effectivenessdigital healthdrug–nutrient interactionsFoods for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs)gut microbiotaobesity managementpersonalized medicine

Identifiers

PMID42653727
PMCPMC13516115

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.