ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Past, Present, and Future of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Applications.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have emerged as promising natural nanocarriers for biomedical applications owing to their distinctive ability to facilitate intercellular communication and transport bioactive molecules. In this review, we employ bibliometric analysis to identify research hotspots and trends, providing a comprehensive overview of these core themes. The bibliometric results reveal a sustained increase in annual publications in this field, with keyword analysis identifying drug delivery, cross-kingdom regulation, immunomodulation, engineering modification, and gut microbiota as five major research themes. The focus of research has evolved from early basic biological characteristics into engineered smart delivery platforms, with the application areas expanding from intestinal inflammation to neurological, metabolic, dermatological, and oncological diseases. This review systematically examines the core directions in this field. It compares the strengths and limitations of mainstream isolation methods and highlights the value of multi-omics integration, covering the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and gut microbiota regulation by PDEVs along with engineering strategies such as drug loading, surface modification, and membrane fusion. It also discusses the latest progress in frontier therapeutic applications of PDEVs, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, tissue regeneration and aesthetics, and neurological disorders. Finally, this review summarizes the key challenges confronting the field, including the lack of standardized protocols, production bottlenecks, and engineering obstacles. It also delineates future directions, including establishing international standardization definitions, advancing multi-omics and AI-driven mechanistic elucidation, developing scalable and efficient purification technologies, and executing systematic preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic evaluations to facilitate clinical translation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.