ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Integrated Metabolic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Mammary Health Signatures Characterize Low Body Condition Score in Dairy Cows.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Body condition score (BCS) is widely used to assess the energy status of dairy cows, yet its relationship with coordinated metabolic and immune responses during early lactation remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the physiological profile associated with low BCS using biomarkers of energy metabolism, hepatic function, oxidative status, inflammation, mammary gland health, milk production, and milk composition. A total of 580 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in early lactation were classified into four BCS categories and evaluated using univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, including composite physiological indices and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Cows with the lowest BCS (2.0-2.5) exhibited marked lipid mobilization and hepatic stress, reflected by higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (all
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