ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Titanium Degradation Products from Dental Implants: Mechanisms of Release, Biodistribution, and Analytical Detection in Biological Matrices.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Titanium-based implants remain among the most successful biomaterials in modern dentistry, but accumulating evidence demonstrates that titanium is not biologically inert under long-term physiological conditions. Mechanical loading, tribocorrosion, acidic and oxidative microenvironments, and biofilm-driven electrochemical processes contribute to progressive surface degradation and the release of titanium ions, microparticles, and nanoparticles into surrounding tissues and biological fluids. The present narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms of titanium release from dental implant surfaces, the biodistribution of degradation-derived species across local and systemic biological compartments, and the analytical methodologies used to detect and characterize them. Mechanisms of electrochemical corrosion, tribocorrosion, and nanoparticle generation are critically discussed alongside biofilm-mediated acceleration of surface degradation. The biological matrices in which titanium has been measured-including peri-implant tissues, peri-implant crevicular fluid, saliva, blood, regional lymph nodes, and distant organs-are reviewed with attention to the methodologies employed (ICP-MS, SP-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRF, and synchrotron-based approaches) and their respective strengths and limitations. Methodological heterogeneity in implant characterization, sample preparation, contamination control, and discrimination between ionic and particulate species is identified as a major source of inconsistency across the current literature. The biological consequences of titanium dissemination-including oxidative, immunological, microbiome-associated, and systemic responses-are addressed in detail in a companion review. Together, these analyses are intended to support the design of more rigorous, integrated, and clinically translatable investigations of implant-associated biomaterial degradation.
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Registered trials
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