ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Coatings: Materials, Fabrication Strategies, and Durability Challenges.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to provide water repellency, self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, and anti-fouling properties, making them promising for a wide range of industrial applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings, with particular emphasis on wetting mechanisms, material selection, coating formation approaches, durability issues, commercial implementation, and environmental aspects. The analysis examines the principal classes of materials used for coating fabrication, including polymeric materials, inorganic compounds, and composite systems. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed in terms of surface chemistry modification and hierarchical roughness generation. Attention is devoted to factors limiting long-term performance, such as mechanical wear, chemical degradation, ultraviolet exposure, climatic effects, hydrodynamic erosion, and adhesion-related failures, as well as to current strategies for improving durability. Commercially available technologies and their application areas are reviewed, and the environmental challenges associated with fluorinated compounds are considered. The analysis demonstrates that the combination of controlled surface morphology and reduced surface energy remains an effective approach for achieving durable hydrophobicity, with optimized coating systems reaching contact angles of 160-170° and retaining superhydrophobic properties for more than 500 h under demanding operating conditions. Future developments are expected to focus on environmentally friendly, multifunctional, and long-lasting coating systems.
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Registered trials
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