ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Swimming in Plastamination: Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanoplastics Affect Bull Sperm Functions.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Plastic contamination (plastamination) is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Microplastics (MPs, 5 mm-1 µm) and nanoplastics (NPs, <1 µm) are mainly produced from the environmental degradation of plastic waste and enter the food chain, bypass biological barriers, and bioaccumulate in tissues where they exert toxic/inflammatory effects. In the male reproductive system, MP/NPs can cross the blood-testis barrier, impair spermatogenesis, and affect semen quality parameters. While biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA) may represent an ecofriendly alternative to carbon fossil polymers, their real effects in reproduction have been poorly investigated. In the present manuscript, the effects of increasing doses of rhodamine B-loaded PLA-NPs (170 ± 20 nm mean size) on the physiology of frozen-thawed bovine sperm were investigated using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) and flow cytometry. Sperm kinetics revealed a significant effect of PLA-NPs on progressive motility at 60 min, with higher values at 200 and 300 µg/mL doses (
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