ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Non-Invasive Salivary Reproductive Endocrine Profiles in Gentoo Penguins.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reproductive endocrine monitoring in penguins is fundamental for improving reproductive management, conservation programs, and welfare assessment, but most studies use serum, which requires handling and blood collection. We hypothesized that saliva, which reflects the free fraction of circulating steroids and can be repeatedly collected with minimal disturbance, would be positively associated with serum concentrations, show hormone-specific reproductive temporal changes, and could be used as an alternative matrix for measuring steroid hormones in female gentoo penguins (
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