ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Unravelling the Drivers of Early-Life Mortality in Yak Calves: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Survival Analysis.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Early-life calf mortality is a significant barrier to herd growth and overall productivity in yak husbandry. This retrospective study investigated the survival pattern and potential risk factors linked to yak calf mortality during the first 90 days of life. Analysis was performed on existing farm records from 428 yak calves born between 2013 and 2025 at a semi-intensive yak farm. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival probability, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival probabilities; additionally, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was employed to identify independent risk factors. Overall, 70 (16.4%) calves died within the first 90 days after birth. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated significantly lower survival probability among low-birth-weight calves (≤12 kg;
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