ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Sleep Characteristics and Mental Health Among Kuwait University Students: Sensitivity Analyses for Item Overlap.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesSleep is a potentially modifiable correlate of student mental health, but associations may be inflated by content overlap between sleep and mental health measures. We examined four self-reported sleep characteristics in relation to depressive symptoms and well-being, with sensitivity analyses reducing item overlap. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, questionnaire data were collected from 389 Kuwait University students recruited by convenience from students who were concurrently participating in a campus-based physical-assessment study. Depressive symptoms used a nine-item PHQ-9-based measure (items 3, 9 modified); well-being used five WHO-5 items with modified frequency anchors. Associations used multivariable linear regression with sequential covariate adjustment.
resultsFor PHQ-9-based scores, independent associations were found for better sleep quality (B = -1.22, 95% CI -1.84 to -0.60; β = -0.20), more frequent disturbance (1.11, 0.49 to 1.73; β = 0.18), longer sleep duration (-0.48, -0.74 to -0.21; β = -0.17), and longer latency (0.54, 0.08 to 0.99; β = 0.11). Quality (4.01, 1.72 to 6.30; β = 0.19) and duration (1.35, 0.37 to 2.33; β = 0.14) were associated with well-being. No statistically significant sleep-by-sex interactions were detected; latency was not robust to item-3 removal.
conclusionsThese findings support considering sleep health within university mental health initiatives; longitudinal studies are needed to establish directionality and intervention effects.
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