ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Psychometric Validation of the Turkish ORTO-11 and Psychological Correlates of Orthorexic Tendencies in Transgender Adults Before Gender-Affirming Treatment.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Orthorexic tendencies and their measurement remain understudied in transgender adults. This cross-sectional study conducted a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Turkish ORTO-11 and examined psychological correlates of orthorexic tendencies in a clinically recruited sample of transgender adults undergoing psychiatric evaluation before gender-affirming hormonal or surgical treatment. Eighty participants completed the ORTO-11, Health Anxiety Inventory, Psychache Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Internal consistency analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, Spearman correlations, robust regression, and indirect-effect analysis were conducted. The ORTO-11 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.88; McDonald's ω = 0.89), and confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with acceptable model fit indices. Lower ORTO-11 scores, indicating greater orthorexic tendencies, were associated with higher health anxiety and psychological pain and with lower self-compassion and perceived social support. In multivariable analysis, psychological pain was the only significant independent correlate of ORTO-11 scores. Bootstrap analysis suggested that psychological pain statistically accounted for part of the association between health anxiety and orthorexic tendencies. These findings provide preliminary support for the Turkish ORTO-11 as a self-report measure of orthorexic tendencies in this clinically recruited transgender sample, but the scale should not be interpreted as a diagnostic instrument for orthorexia nervosa.
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