High-Commitment Human Resource Management and Care Workers' Attitudes and Performance Through a Sustainable-Careers Lens: A Multilevel Analysis in Japan.

Masako Sugano

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Masako SuganoDepartment of Business Administration, College of Business Administration, Ibaraki Christian University, 6-11-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1295, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI for Early-Career Scientists 23K12664

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In aging societies, securing a stable long-term care workforce is a priority, yet workforce policies centered on financial incentives have demonstrated limited effectiveness. Drawing on the sustainable-careers perspective as an analytical lens, this study re-examines high-commitment human resource management (HCHRM), grounded in ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory, by investigating how it relates to the work attitudes and work role performance of long-term care workers, with work-life balance (WLB) support incorporated as an opportunity-enhancing practice. Data of 875 full-time care workers from 130 establishments in Japan were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Opportunity-enhancing practices (WLB support and autonomous team management) were positively associated with affective commitment, and coworker exchange (CWX) was favorably associated with all outcomes. Cross-level analyses indicated that higher WLB support was associated with a stronger relationship between CWX and both lower turnover intention and greater proficiency behavior, whereas higher autonomous team management was associated with a stronger CWX-adaptive-proactive behavior relationship. Interpreted through a sustainable-careers lens, these findings position WLB support as an opportunity-enhancing practice within AMO theory and indicate that it may operate synergistically with workplace relationships to support care workers' attitudes and performance.

Indexed as

ability–motivation–opportunity theorycoworker exchangehierarchical linear modelinghigh-commitment human resource managementJapanlong-term caresustainable careerswork–life balance support

Identifiers

PMID42651546

DOI10.3390/bs16081369

PMCPMC13509505

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.