ArticleBrain sciences2026
Peripheral Hematological and Immune-Endocrine Markers in Children with Specific Learning Disorder: An Exploratory Retrospective Case-Control Study.
Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpecific learning disorder (SLD), termed "specific learning disability" in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HP:0001328), is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, and the association between peripheral biological changes and cognitive function remains not well understood. Peripheral hematological and immune-endocrine biomarkers and their relationships with neuropsychological evaluations were evaluated in children with SLD.
methodsIn this retrospective case-control study, we evaluated the peripheral biomarkers of a complete blood count and biochemical panel in 103 children with SLD and 102 well-child outpatient controls. Within the SLD group, we examined the association of systemic inflammatory indices with cognitive domains as assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.
resultsGroup comparisons revealed modest peripheral changes, including reduced mean platelet volume (MPV) and increased eosinophil counts, that persisted after false discovery rate correction. Both differences remained significant after adjustment for age and sex. Inflammatory indices from complete blood count showed poor discriminative validity and were not strongly related to the global intelligence quotient. Exploratory analyses revealed only nominal, domain-specific associations between systemic inflammation indices and particular Wechsler subtests for verbal abstraction and visuospatial organization that did not survive multiple-comparison correction.
conclusionsThe findings indicate a selective peripheral hematological pattern in SLD rather than evidence of generalized systemic inflammation. The evaluated indices showed limited discriminative utility and were not independently associated with global cognitive performance after multiple-testing correction. They should not be considered screening or diagnostic biomarkers for SLD. The selective pattern of lower MPV and higher eosinophil count observed in children with SLD appears to be novel but should be considered preliminary and requires independent confirmation in larger, prospectively recruited groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.