Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42650869›Full record

ArticleBiomolecules2026

CD6-Directed Immunotherapy Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cell Function and Enhances Immune-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Mikel Gurrea-Rubio, Sophie Sloan, Aditya Chada, Camila I Amarista, Kohei Maeda, Phillip L Campbell, Pei-Suen Tsou, Laura A Cooney, Max S Wicha, David A Fox

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mikel Gurrea-RubioDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0478-1751
Sophie SloanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Aditya ChadaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-1175-6721
Camila I AmaristaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Kohei MaedaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Phillip L CampbellDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Pei-Suen TsouDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7149-9115
Laura A CooneyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7307-2548
Max S WichaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
David A FoxDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0230-6607

Funding

CTSA K12 Program at the University of MichiganK12TR004374 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI VICKI L ELLINGROD, Leah Elizabeth Robinson · 2023 to 2026
$6.5M
NCATS NIH HHS K12 TR004374NIH HHS 1K12TR004374-25
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with recurrence, metastasis, and limited durable responses to immunotherapy, in part due to persistence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). We investigated whether CD6-directed immunotherapy with the monoclonal antibody UMCD6 enhances immune-mediated killing and alters function of BCSC in stem cell-enriched TNBC models. The SUM-149 and SUM-159 cell lines were analyzed for CD6 ligand expression, cocultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with UMCD6, pembrolizumab, or isotype control, and assessed by live-cell cytotoxicity imaging, flow cytometry, soft agar colony formation, and extreme limiting dilution sphere assays. Both TNBC lines co-expressed the CD6 ligands CD44, CD166/ALCAM, and CD318/CDCP1. UMCD6 significantly increased PBMC-mediated apoptosis and reduced tumor cell survival in both models, with greater activity than pembrolizumab under these in vitro conditions. In surviving SUM-159 cells, UMCD6 reduced the ALDH

Indexed as

Antigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteCytotoxicity, ImmunologicImmunotherapyNeoplastic Stem CellsTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedApoptosisCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansHyaluronan ReceptorsLeukocytes, MononuclearAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteCD6 antigenHyaluronan Receptorspembrolizumabbreast cancer stem-like cellsCD166CD318CD44CD6triple-negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID42650869
PMCPMC13511485

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.