ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Can ChatGPT Reflect Professional HACCP Judgments? A Comparative Study in Hospitality Food Safety.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) systems remains a cornerstone of food safety management. However, their effectiveness is influenced by organizational, human, and technological factors. This study investigates professional perceptions of HACCP implementation and explores the extent to which a large language model (LLM)-ChatGPT 4.1-can approximate human judgments in this domain. A structured questionnaire was administered to 90 professionals operating in food service, hospitality, industry, and consultancy. Responses were compared with outputs generated by ChatGPT 4.1 via a standardized multi-persona prompting protocol simulating five professional roles. To enhance response stability and minimize stochastic variation, each question was submitted in independent zero-shot sessions over multiple iterations. Responses were analysed across three thematic dimensions: barriers to HACCP implementation, perceived benefits, and digital readiness. Spearman correlation analysis of human responses revealed a systemic "training-turnover association," where high staff turnover (r = 0.62,
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