Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42650040›Full record

ReviewGenes2026

Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Regulatory Networks to Functional Biomarkers for Precision Oncology.

Salvatore Pernagallo, Veronica Tisato, Donato Gemmati

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Genes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Salvatore PernagalloDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0259-9008
Veronica TisatoDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8448-066X
Donato GemmatiDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6213-6120

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid biopsy is now an established component of precision oncology, and its clinical implementation to date has been led by cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays. These assays report genomic alterations, yet they may be limited by low tumor fraction, reduced shedding in early disease, and incomplete representation of dynamic tumor biology. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and emerging small or poorly annotated RNA species, provide a complementary layer because they can reflect regulatory programs, tissue injury, immune modulation, metastatic communication, and therapeutic pressure. This review explores circulating and extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated ncRNAs as functional readouts in cancer liquid biopsy. We discuss their biological origin, carrier state, biofluid context, clinical applications, analytical technologies, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted integration, standardization barriers, and regulatory requirements. The technology discussion considers sequencing, targeted amplification, and emerging direct or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free strategies as complementary translational routes for reliable ncRNA measurement. We propose that ncRNAs should not be viewed as alternatives to ctDNA, but as potential functional biomarkers that can link tumor genotype, regulatory state, and clinical phenotype within integrated multi-analyte precision oncology.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorNeoplasmsPrecision MedicineRNA, UntranslatedCirculating Tumor DNAExtracellular VesiclesGene Regulatory NetworksHumansLiquid BiopsyMicroRNAsRNA, Long NoncodingBiomarkers, TumorCirculating Tumor DNAMicroRNAsRNA, Long NoncodingRNA, Untranslatedcancercircular RNAextracellular vesiclesliquid biopsylong non-coding RNAmicroRNAnon-coding RNAPCR-free detectionprecision oncology

Identifiers

PMID42650040
PMCPMC13512899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.