ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Condition-Dependent Sex Differences in Lumbar sEMG and Prefrontal Hemodynamics During Known-Weight and Weight-Misprediction Lifting: A Pilot Study.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This pilot study examined sex-related neuromuscular and prefrontal hemodynamic responses across 3 and 9 kg known-weight and weight-misprediction lifting conditions and explored whether these patterns differed by physical activity level (PAL). Thirty adults completed the lifting tasks. Among the unknown-weight trials, only wrong-guess trials were retained, while the known-weight trials served as comparison conditions. The integrated linear mixed-effects model showed a significant Condition × Sex interaction, indicating that sex-related differences varied across lifting conditions. The omnibus condition and sex effects were also significant, whereas PAL and all interactions involving PAL were not significant. Exploratory PAL-stratified analyses showed condition-dependent sex differences within both PAL groups. In the moderate PAL group, women showed higher task-related ΔHbO β-values than men across multiple channels under the 3 kg wrong-guess condition after false discovery rate correction. These preliminary findings suggest condition-dependent sex-related neuromuscular responses and sex-related differences in prefrontal hemodynamic responses observed under the 3 kg wrong-guess condition. The exploratory subgroup findings require confirmation in larger and more balanced samples.
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