ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2026
More Links but Fewer Effective Routes: Entropy and Resilience in Global Lithium, Cobalt and Nickel Trade Networks.
Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Counts of trade links are often used as evidence of diversification, yet they say little about how value is distributed across those links. Using bilateral flows for selected lithium, cobalt and nickel products among 72 economies from 2010 to 2024, we built directed, value-weighted networks and examined them with multiscale entropy measures, lagged formation models and disruption tests. Here, entropy is used in the information-theoretic sense to measure how evenly trade value, network weight or motif participation is distributed across routes and structural modes; for route-value entropy, exp(H) is the effective number of equally weighted routes. The number of lithium links increased from 180 to 290, but its entropy-effective route count declined from 38.68 to 12.75. Nickel displayed a similar divergence, falling from 118.84 to 21.81 effective routes as links increased, whereas cobalt moved in the opposite direction. Across layer-years, flow entropy was associated with the share of trade retained under targeted attack (ρ = 0.754; Holm-adjusted
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