Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42649641›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Looking at Economics Through the Eyes of Thermodynamics: A New Approach to the Second Law of Economics, and Its Main Revelations.

Vítor Costa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Vítor CostaTEMA-Centro de Tecnologia Mecânica e Automação, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-4975-6055

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia UID 00481/2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Economics versions of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics are crucial for examining Economics through the lens of Thermodynamics. The First Law sets out conservation principles; the Second Law is required to describe what the First Law cannot: the one-way character of processes and the quantification of irreversibility (imperfection). A new approach is proposed to the Second Law of Economics, which includes as its main steps and results (

Indexed as

absolute merchandise economic temperatureabsolute merchandise unit priceintrinsic demand curveSecond Law of EconomicsThermodynamics–Economics analogy

Identifiers

PMID42649641
PMCPMC13512182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.