Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42649482›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles mitigate cadmium and lead toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by enhancing antioxidant defense and nutrient homeostasis.

Mahmoud R Sofy, Ahmed R Sofy, Hossam M Fouda, Heba I Mohamed, Hala G El-Araby, Hebat-Allah Ali Hussein, Woroud S Alshammari, Fatma M A Elkady, Mona S Agha

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Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mahmoud R SofyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. Mahmoud_sofy@azhar.edu.eg.
Ahmed R SofyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
Hossam M FoudaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
Heba I MohamedBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, P.C.11757, Cairo, Egypt.
Hala G El-ArabyAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Girls branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
Hebat-Allah Ali HusseinDepartment of Science and Technology, University College at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin (UHB), Nairiyah, 31981, Saudi Arabia.
Woroud S AlshammariDepartment of Science and Technology, University College at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin (UHB), Nairiyah, 31981, Saudi Arabia.
Fatma M A ElkadyBotany Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Mona S AghaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHeavy metal pollution, particularly from cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), poses a significant risk to agricultural productivity and food quality by affecting plant growth, nutritional composition, and redox balance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe₂O₄ NPs) in reducing the harmful effects of Pb and Cd on tomato plants. After exposure to 100 mg L⁻¹ of either Cd or Pb, tomato seedlings were treated with 40 and 80 mg L⁻¹ of CoFe₂O₄ NPs.

resultsHeavy metal stress adversely affected various parameters, including growth, photosynthetic efficiency, water content, and nutrient levels (N, P, K). However, the application of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, especially at 40 mg L⁻¹, significantly alleviated these negative impacts. Treated plants showed improved growth, enhanced nutrient uptake, increased chlorophyll content, and better water status compared to untreated ones. Additionally, CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles increased proline, phenolics, and key enzymes like glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT). They also reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and cadmium/lead (Cd/Pb) concentrations in plant tissues. Multivariate analyses, such as PCA, highlighted the protective effects of these nanoparticles against heavy metal stress.

conclusionsCobalt ferrite nanoparticles could successfully reduce the toxic effects of both cadmium and lead in tomato plants through their positive influence on growth, photosynthesis efficiency, nutrient absorption, and the antioxidative system of plants. Based on the results, it can be concluded that CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles can serve as an environmentally friendly tool of nanotechnology to improve crops' efficiency.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsCadmiumCobaltFerric CompoundsLeadNanoparticlesSolanum lycopersicumChlorophyllHomeostasisLipid PeroxidationNutrientsOxidative StressPhotosynthesisReactive Oxygen SpeciesSeedlingsAntioxidantsCadmiumChlorophyllCobaltcobalt ferriteFerric CompoundsLeadReactive Oxygen SpeciesAntioxidant enzymesHeavy metalsOsmolytesOxidative stressPhotosynthetic efficiency

Identifiers

PMID42649482
PMCPMC13520272

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.