Automated prototyping of genetic codes.

Felix Radford, Nayan Sapers, Hana M Burgess, Lucy Ort, Bogdan Budnik, George M Church

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Felix RadfordDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. felix_radford@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-3114

Nayan SapersDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8483-1272

Hana M BurgessDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Lucy OrtDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Bogdan BudnikWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-2003

George M ChurchDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-9969

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The standard genetic code uses 64 codons to encode 20 canonical amino acids across domains of life. New-to-nature genetic codes enable new chemistries, therapeutics and ecosystem engineering, but recoding the genome of an organism is exceptionally challenging

Identifiers

PMID42649287

DOI10.1007/s13361-016-1460-7

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.