ArticleBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2026
Integrated Investigation of Sex Differences in the Human Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor System: Postmortem Analyses and In Vivo [
Article in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) system modulates pain, stress, and reward, with emerging evidence for sex-dependent biology. Despite NOP's hypothesized role in psychopathologies with pronounced sex differences, little is known about sex-associated distribution of NOP receptors.
methodsTo fill this gap, we combined postmortem molecular analyses with in vivo [
resultsPostmortem analyses highlighted higher 31.8 kDa isoform expression in men in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, higher 39.9 kDa expression in the entorhinal cortex, and higher 42.6 kDa expression in women in the nucleus accumbens. OPRL1 mRNA expression was also higher in men, most notably in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In vivo, PET analyses showed a significant main effect of sex, with higher V
conclusionsTogether, these multimodal findings highlight region-specific sex-related variation in the human NOP system across corticolimbic-striatal circuits and provide a basis for future studies of sex effects in NOP-related neuropsychiatric research.
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