ArticleToxics2026
Detection and Potency Classification of Pre- and Pro-Haptens Using the SENS-IS Assay: The Role of Metabolically Competent Reconstructed Skin.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Skin sensitisation assessment increasingly relies on non-animal methods, yet the detection and characterisation of substances requiring metabolic activation, such as pre- and pro-haptens, remain challenging for several existing new approach methodologies (NAMs). The present study evaluated the performance of the SENS-IS assay using blinded testing of 50 substances reported in the literature as putative pre-haptens or pro-haptens on the historical EpiSkin™ model, in comparison with available LLNA, human and other NAM data. Additional experiments evaluated transferability to the current IS-SKIN model and the impact of a full-thickness skin model for selected metabolically demanding compounds. SENS-IS identified sensitisation as a hazard for the majority of substances in this pre- and pro-hapten-enriched dataset, including compounds requiring abiotic or metabolic activation, and provided potency-related categorisation broadly consistent with LLNA EC3 trends. Comparative analyses further supported comparable hazard identification and potency categorisation when SENS-IS was performed using the IS-SKIN and Episkin
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