ReviewToxics2026
Research Progress on Antibiotic Treatment by NZVI-Based Water Treatment Technologies.
Review in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination has become an emerging challenge in water treatment and environmental protection due to the increasing discharge of antibiotics and their transformation products, which exhibit ecological toxicity and resistance to degradation. Conventional treatment technologies often show limitations in antibiotic removal, including insufficient efficiency, high operational costs, and potential secondary pollution. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has attracted extensive attention as a promising remediation material for antibiotic wastewater treatment owing to its large specific surface area, strong reducing capability, and excellent adsorption properties. However, the practical application of nZVI is still restricted by particle aggregation and surface passivation, which reduce its reactivity, stability, and long-term performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nZVI-based materials for antibiotic removal, with emphasis on preparation strategies, surface modification approaches, removal mechanisms, and integrated treatment technologies. The performance of pristine nZVI and modified nZVI-based systems in antibiotic degradation and removal is systematically discussed. Furthermore, current challenges, including material deactivation, iron leaching, environmental risks, and scale-up limitations, are critically evaluated, and future perspectives toward efficient, stable, and sustainable antibiotic wastewater treatment are proposed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.