ReviewVision (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Keratoconus in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Vision (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeKeratoconus is a progressive corneal ectatic disorder that causes visual impairment, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Evidence on its epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean remains limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of keratoconus and evaluate associated factors, including eye rubbing, sex, family history, and allergy history, in the region.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted on 15 December 2025 for observational studies published up to December 2025. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled prevalence estimates and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model with variance-stabilizing transformation. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
resultsSeven prevalence studies were included in the primary meta-analysis following exclusion of three studies from the previous version of the review, with no additional eligible prevalence studies identified in the updated search. One additional nationwide registry-based study from Colombia was identified but excluded from the primary prevalence synthesis because it reported incidence derived from administrative diagnostic coding rather than clinically assessed prevalence. Among the seven prevalence studies, reported prevalence ranged from 0.50% to 2.88%. The pooled prevalence of keratoconus was 2.07% (95% CI: 1.53-2.79), with substantial heterogeneity (I
conclusionsKeratoconus prevalence estimates in Latin America and the Caribbean remain variable and should be interpreted cautiously due to substantial heterogeneity, differences in study design, variability in diagnostic criteria, and differences in case ascertainment. The findings highlight important evidence gaps and support the need for well-designed population-based studies using standardized diagnostic criteria to inform screening strategies, early detection, and eye-care planning in the region.
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