ReviewVaccines2026
Systematic Review of Pharmacist-Administered Paediatric Vaccinations in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries.
Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn estimated 25 million children globally miss routine vaccinations each year, with 14.3 million classified as zero-dose and the majority residing in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Pharmacies are recognised as accessible healthcare delivery points, yet their role in paediatric immunisation in LMICs is not well defined. This literature review sought to evaluate pharmacist-provided vaccination services for paediatric patients in LMICs.
methodsA systematic review was conducted following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Five databases and grey literature were searched for articles published between January 2005 and June 2026. Studies were reviewed by multiple authors to reduce the risk of individual bias and included if they reported original research involving pharmacists in LMICs delivering vaccination-related services to children aged 12 years and under. For each study, items intended for extraction included country, pharmacy setting, specific vaccines administered, patient age range, and specific roles for the pharmacist in the vaccination administration process. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with the Nelson Mandela University Faculty of Health Sciences Postgraduate Studies Committee and the Research Ethics Committee for Humans (H23-HEA-PHA-007).
resultsOf 162 identified records, four studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, and Jordan met inclusion criteria. No study described pharmacists routinely administering paediatric vaccines. Instead, findings focused on indirect involvement, system readiness, and public perception. Significant barriers included limited infrastructure, inadequate training, and lack of regulatory authority. Study results were limited by a lack of information published and inclusion of only articles available in English.
conclusionsEvidence on pharmacist-administered paediatric vaccinations in LMICs is scarce. Expanding pharmacist roles could improve access and reduce zero-dose prevalence, but would require policy support, infrastructure investment, and further implementation research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.