ArticleMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Risk of Second Primary Cancers in Melanoma Survivors: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Cohort Study from Two Romanian Referral Centres.
Article in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesMelanoma survivors may develop additional primary malignancies, but data from Eastern European hospital cohorts are scarce. We aimed to estimate the observed incidence of second primary cancers (SPCs) within a Romanian referral-centre cohort, identify associated factors, and explore the association of SPC occurrence with overall survival.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, hospital-based cohort study of 394 patients with histopathologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma followed at two referral centres in Cluj-Napoca. Additional malignancies were counted as new primaries only when clinical and/or histopathological documentation distinguished them from recurrence or metastasis. Incidence density was expressed per 1000 person-years. Multivariable logistic regression assessed age, sex, residence, and Breslow thickness. Fixed-covariate Cox and Kaplan-Meier analyses were considered exploratory because of immortal-time and competing-risk limitations.
resultsOver 1848 person-years, 79 patients (20.1%) developed at least one SPC (131 events; observed incidence 70.9/1000 person-years), most frequently cutaneous (53.6/1000 person-years). SPC occurrence increased with age (Cochran-Armitage Z = 5.63,
conclusionsSPCs were frequent in this hospital cohort and predominantly cutaneous. Older age was an independent predictor, while actinic keratosis was a strong unadjusted marker. Prospective, population-based validation is needed before surveillance intensity is individualised.
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