ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
High-Magnification Full-Color Real-Time Stereoscopic Microscopy Based on a Liquid Crystal Polarization Grating.
Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microscopic imaging is indispensable for fundamental scientific research and clinical medical diagnosis. Given that conventional widefield optical microscopy and standard confocal microscopy fail to realize high-magnification, full-color, real-time stereoscopic imaging simultaneously, we herein propose a single-optical-path 3D microscopic framework enabled by liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs). The LCPG integrated at the sample plane performs polarization-dependent beam splitting to generate paired left and right viewing channels. These two disparity-bearing view channels share a unified imaging optical path compatible with commercial upright microscopes, wherein an active liquid crystal cell modulates temporal view switching for sequential camera acquisition. We further construct a white-light microscopic platform supporting integrated reflection and transmission imaging modes. Two customized LCPGs with lattice periods of 72.6 μm and 56.9 μm are fabricated, offering angular view separations of 0.84° and 1.07°, respectively. Both gratings achieve ±1st-order diffraction efficiencies above 97% with polarization crosstalk not exceeding 0.8%. The developed system acquires paired left-right images with valid binocular disparity, which can be reconstructed into intuitive stereoscopic perceptions via a 3D display monitor. This LCPG-based optical architecture upgrades standard upright microscopes to compact dual-view stereoscopic imaging systems, while fully inheriting the native merits of white-light illumination and high-magnification microscopic observation.
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